[157][158] Lincoln received 1,866,452 votes, or 39.8% of the total in a four-way race, carrying the free Northern states, as well as California and Oregon. But abolishing slavery would become a nonnegotiable objective for him as the war progressed because of his own long-expressed abhorrence for the practice and because of the growing antislavery sentiment among his fellow Northerners. Meade's failure to capture Lee's army after Gettysburg and the continued passivity of the Army of the Potomac persuaded Lincoln to promote Grant to supreme commander. Abraham Lincoln, sixteenth President of the United States, was born near Hodgenville, Kentucky on February 12, 1809. 9 Facts About Abraham Lincoln | HowStuffWorks Please be respectful of copyright. Lincoln instructed his backers to vote for Lyman Trumbull. En route to his inauguration, Lincoln addressed crowds and legislatures across the North. Updates? His allies, the War Democrats and the Radical Republicans, demanded harsh treatment of the Southern Confederates. From 1834 to 1840, Abraham Lincoln occupied a seat in the Illinois state legislature. Lincoln replaced Buell with William Rosecrans; and after the 1862 midterm elections he replaced McClellan with Ambrose Burnside. Historian Mark Noll places the speech "among the small handful of semi-sacred texts by which Americans conceive their place in the world;" it is inscribed in the Lincoln Memorial. John Tyler was born into the Virginia aristocracy, the son of a judge and politician who had been a college roommate of Jefferson. Choose some other occupation, rather than one in the choosing of which you do, in advance, consent to be a knave. Lincoln led the Union through the American Civil War to defend the nation as a constitutional union and succeeded in abolishing slavery, bolstering the federal . [94] From 1853 to 1860, one of his largest clients was the Illinois Central Railroad. [238], Lincoln was concerned that Grant might be considering a presidential candidacy in 1864. We believe news can and should expand a sense of identity and possibility beyond narrow conventional expectations. Lincoln, 22 years old, was piloting a large flatboat full of corn and live hogs down the Sangamon River, on his way to the Mississippi and New Orleans, when the boat got stuck on a dam outside. "[168], Lincoln tacitly supported the Corwin Amendment to the Constitution, which passed Congress and was awaiting ratification by the states when Lincoln took office. Lincolns body was quickly moved to an unmarked grave and eventually encased in a steel cage and entombed under 10 feet of concrete. The future president was first called "Honest Abe" when he was working as a young store clerk in New Salem, Ill. Arlington, VA 22204, Feb. 12, 2009, Mille Lacs Band letter, The Weekly Pioneer and Democrat Sept 19, 1862 in St Paul, p. 3. 1933-2022. [137] Many in the audience thought he appeared awkward and even ugly. I believe I have no lawful right to do so, and I have no inclination to do so. 1. Our book servers saves in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. [378] Lincoln became a favorite of liberal intellectuals across the world. [51], Lincoln was an affectionate husband and father of four sons, though his work regularly kept him away from home. He served one term in the U.S. House of Representatives but lost two U.S. Senate races. A throng of passengers began to press the young man backwards, and he fell into the open space between the platform and a moving train. At times he was presented as the plain-talking "Rail Splitter" and at other times he was "Honest Abe", unpolished but trustworthy. The Civil War officially began on April 12, 1861, at Fort Sumter, South Carolina, when troops from the Confederacy attacked the U.S. fort. "[139], Historian David Herbert Donald described the speech as "a superb political move for an unannounced presidential aspirant. [317] In a larger sense, the reaction was in response to the deaths of so many men in the war. Lincoln is the only president to have obtained a patent. [90] Lincoln handled transportation cases in the midst of the nation's western expansion, particularly river barge conflicts under the many new railroad bridges. Harold Holzer [109] Lincoln held out hope for rejuvenating the Whigs, though he lamented his party's growing closeness with the nativist Know Nothing movement. Lincoln confidentially pledged in writing that if he should lose the election, he would still defeat the Confederacy before turning over the White House;[251] Lincoln did not show the pledge to his cabinet, but asked them to sign the sealed envelope. Storytime: Otto's Tales How Honest Abe Got His Name [198] For his edification Lincoln relied upon a book by his chief of staff General Henry Halleck entitled Elements of Military Art and Science; Halleck was a disciple of the European strategist Antoine-Henri Jomini. He first entered national politics in 1847 while serving a single term in Congress. He soon became a leader of the new Republican Party. [37] In 1831, as Thomas and other family prepared to move to a new homestead in Coles County, Illinois, Abraham struck out on his own. These included Parson Weemss Life and Memorable Actions of George Washington (with its story of the little hatchet and the cherry tree), Daniel Defoes Robinson Crusoe, John Bunyans Pilgrims Progress, and Aesops Fables. Thomas, born January 1778, would have been 8 at the attack, May 1786. He managed the factions by exploiting their mutual enmity, carefully distributing political patronage, and by appealing to the American people. Hundreds of settlers were killed, 30,000 were displaced from their homes, and Washington was deeply alarmed. In 1863, Lincoln declared the final Thursday in November of that year to be a day of Thanksgiving. At an annual reporters dinner that year, Roosevelt was presented with an 8-foot tall papier- mch sphinx in his likeness. [319] Lincoln's body was buried at Oak Ridge Cemetery in Springfield and now lies within the Lincoln Tomb.[320]. The Pacific Railway Acts of 1862 and 1864 granted federal support for the construction of the United States' first transcontinental railroad, which was completed in 1869. She was the daughter of Alexander and Abigail Herring (ne Harrison). The oldest, Robert Todd Lincoln, was born in 1843 and was the only child to live to maturity. How did Abraham Lincoln cause the Civil War? He suggested that postmodernism and multiculturalism have diluted greatness as a concept. [75] He was assigned to the Committee on Post Office and Post Roads and the Committee on Expenditures in the War Department. "[286] Goodwin described the group in her biography as a Team of Rivals. His victories, including the climactic Battle of New Orleans in 1815 made him a national hero, and his supporters capitalized on his fame, pushing him as a candidate for president. Abraham Lincoln was the 16th President of the United States and was one of the most important figures during the Civil War. [62] Rather than studying in the office of an established attorney, as was the custom, Lincoln borrowed legal texts from attorneys John Todd Stuart and Thomas Drummond, purchased books including Blackstone's Commentaries and Chitty's Pleadings, and read law on his own. [178] In his second inaugural address, Lincoln looked back on the situation at the time and said: "Both parties deprecated war, but one of them would make war rather than let the Nation survive, and the other would accept war rather than let it perish, and the war came. [355], In his company, I was never reminded of my humble origin, or of my unpopular color. or call us at 1-617-450-2300. [210], McClellan then resisted the president's demand that he pursue Lee's withdrawing army, while General Don Carlos Buell likewise refused orders to move the Army of the Ohio against rebel forces in eastern Tennessee. He also hired John George Nicolay as his personal secretary, who would remain in that role during the presidency. Why Honest Abe is called Abraham Lincoln? - Answers Lincoln was born in a backwoods cabin 3 miles (5 km) south of Hodgenville, Kentucky, and was taken to a farm in the neighbouring valley of Knob Creek when he was two years old. Many in the party felt that a former Whig should be nominated in 1858, and Lincoln's 1856 campaigning and support of Trumbull had earned him a favor. Virginia seceded and was rewarded with the designation of Richmond as the Confederate capital, despite its exposure to Union lines. Nixon had been elected to the House of Representatives four years earlier, quickly gaining a reputation as an ardent anti-communist and famously playing a key role in the case against Alger Hiss, a State Department official alleged to be a Soviet spy. Mille Lacs Band offer to fight Sioux, Goodhue Republican Vol. He had long made clear his opposition to the confiscation and redistribution of land. [192] He relied on his combative Secretary of State William Seward while working closely with Senate Foreign Relations Committee chairman Charles Sumner. How Did Abraham Lincoln Deserve The Name Of The Great | ipl.org Of course I have done this upon what appear to me to be sufficient reasons, and yet I think it best for you to know that there are some things in regard to which I am not quite satisfied with you. This website uses cookies to [293], Lincoln is largely responsible for the Thanksgiving holiday. [257], Reconstruction preceded the war's end, as Lincoln and his associates considered the reintegration of the nation, and the fates of Confederate leaders and freed slaves. We [341], Several claims have been made that Lincoln's health was declining before the assassination. Lincoln warned. Why did Abraham Lincoln get the nickname Honest Abe? The youngest, Thomas "Tad" Lincoln, was born on April 4, 1853, and survived his father but died of heart failure at age 18 on July 16, 1871. Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln. We may earn commission from links on this page, but we only recommend products we back. When Douglas was told of Lincoln's victory, he unselfishly told his informants: "You have nominated a very able and very honest man.". The Lincoln cent, an American coin portraying Lincoln, This article is about the president of the United States. [97], Leading up to his presidential campaign, Lincoln elevated his profile in an 1859 murder case, with his defense of Simeon Quinn "Peachy" Harrison who was a third cousin;[g] Harrison was also the grandson of Lincoln's political opponent, Rev. In 1876 a gang of Chicago counterfeiters attempted to snatch Lincolns body from his tomb, which was protected by just a single padlock, in Oak Ridge Cemetery in Springfield, Illinois. [220] In a letter of August 22, 1862, Lincoln said that while he personally wished all men could be free, regardless of that, his first obligation as president was to preserve the Union:[221], My paramount object in this struggle is to save the Union, and is not either to save or to destroy slavery. Allen C. Guelzo states that Lincoln was a "classical liberal democratan enemy of artificial hierarchy, a friend to trade and business as ennobling and enabling, and an American counterpart to Mill, Cobden, and Bright", whose portrait Lincoln hung in his White House office. His fathers second wife adored Lincoln and is said to have stoked his love of learning. By April 1906, Taft had lost nearly 60 pounds. Still, somehow, I could read, write, and cipher to the rule of three; but that was all. Apparently the young Lincoln did not read a large number of books but thoroughly absorbed the few that he did read. Every night Abe and his family slept on a hard dirt floor. His father was a pioneer and a farmer, and his mother was a deeply religious woman who died when Lincoln was young. Belz. Most are experts in the lives of the characters who made it -- and lost it -- in New Salem in the 1830s. [260], As Southern states fell, they needed leaders while their administrations were restored. Abraham Lincoln was a member of the Whig Party and later a Republican. Lincoln was sharpy criticized for imposing a tariff that it was thought would increase costs for American steel users like the . The Radical Republicans criticized him for moving too slowly in abolishing slavery. His petition was denied in Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857). Lincoln sometimes kept important documents under the tall black hats he wore. [324] Throughout his public career, Lincoln often quoted Scripture. Copyright 1996-2015 National Geographic Society, Copyright 2015-2023 National Geographic Partners, LLC. 6. With the coming of the Black Hawk War (1832), he enlisted as a volunteer and was elected captain of his company. Born. [327] He never joined a church, although he frequently attended First Presbyterian Church with his wife beginning in 1852. Science Monitor has expired. When the Irish Invaded Canada: The Incredible True Story of the Civil War Veterans Who Fought for Irelands Freedom, Strong Boy: The Life and Times of John L. Sullivan. Abraham Lincoln was elected the 16th President of the United States in 1860. [33] He gained a reputation for strength and audacity after winning a wrestling match with the renowned leader of ruffians known as "the Clary's Grove Boys". In 1860 he was nominated at the Republican National Convention to be the partys presidential candidate, and he embarked on a presidential campaign that he would win. [166], Attempts at compromise followed but Lincoln and the Republicans rejected the proposed Crittenden Compromise as contrary to the Party's platform of free-soil in the territories. These are often based on photographs of Lincoln appearing to show weight loss and muscle wasting. He lobbied hard for a military appointment, and despite his reputation for brashness and his fierce temper, he was named major general of the Tennessee militia. And though Lincoln did not know it at the time, he would spend his next six years right in New Salem. Douglas's argument was more legal in nature, claiming that Lincoln was defying the authority of the U.S. Supreme Court as exercised in the Dred Scott decision. [41] Rutledge died on August 25, 1835, most likely of typhoid fever; saying that he couldn't bear the idea of rain falling on Ann's grave, Lincoln sunk into a serious episode of depression, and this gave rise to speculation that he had been in love with her. In the late 1970s, The New York Times noted that Reagan was a great communicator, and the apt phrase stuck, as Reagan mastered mass media as a new political tool. Due to secessionist plots, a then-unprecedented attention to security was given to him and his train. He used appointments to the Indian Bureau as a reward to supporters from Minnesota and Wisconsin. The left-leaning Douglas was accused of having communist ties (no small fear at the height of the Red Scare), and her Democratic primary opponent had dubbed her the Pink Lady. Nixon capitalized on the accusations, but also made sure he covered his political bases. [321] He was deeply familiar with the Bible, quoting and praising it. [67] In 1837, he declared, "[The] Institution of slavery is founded on both injustice and bad policy, but the promulgation of abolition doctrines tends rather to increase than abate its evils. If I could save the Union without freeing any slave I would do it, and if I could save it by freeing all the slaves I would do it; and if I could save it by freeing some and leaving others alone I would also do that. [338] He took blue mass pills, which contained mercury,[339] to treat constipation. I do no more than oppose the extension of slavery. The legitimacy of military commissions trying opposing combatants had been established during the Mexican War. That doomed amendment would have protected slavery in states where it already existed. 4in., but that was not the only thing that made him a big man to his admirers. [265], Lincoln believed the federal government had limited responsibility to the millions of freedmen. Lincoln and his wife attended the play Our American Cousin on the evening of April 14, just five days after the Union victory at the Battle of Appomattox Courthouse. Lincoln attended artillery and cannon tests and met at the White House with inventors demonstrating military prototypes. [161] On December 20, 1860, South Carolina took the lead by adopting an ordinance of secession; by February 1, 1861, Florida, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas followed. On April 12, 1861, Confederate forces fired on Union troops at Fort Sumter and began the fight. [n][334] Lincoln explains therein that the cause, purpose, and result of the war was God's will. In the 1840s, Lincoln subscribed to the Doctrine of Necessity, a belief that the human mind was controlled by a higher power. Among American heroes, Lincoln continues to have a unique appeal for his fellow countrymen and also for people of other lands. It is believed he was given this nickname as a young man. [187], It was clear from the outset that bipartisan support was essential to success, and that any compromise alienated factions on both sides of the aisle, such as the appointment of Republicans and Democrats to command positions. As a young man, Lincoln was a religious skeptic. [226] Lincoln's comment on signing the Proclamation was: "I never, in my life, felt more certain that I was doing right, than I do in signing this paper. Mary kept house with the help of a hired servant and a relative. He is as honest as he is shrewd, and if I beat him my victory will be hardly won. (This was his second visit to that city, his first having been made in 1828, while he still lived in Indiana.) [243] Lincoln reacted to Union losses by mobilizing support throughout the North. Both his parents were almost completely illiterate, and he himself received little formal education. At the moment of death some observers said his face seemed to relax into a smile. [231], Lincoln spoke at the dedication of the Gettysburg battlefield cemetery on November 19, 1863. "[227] He spent the next 100 days preparing the army and the nation for emancipation, while Democrats rallied their voters by warning of the threat that freed slaves posed to northern whites. ", Thirteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, Committee on Expenditures in the War Department, Violent political confrontations in Kansas, Presidential transition of Abraham Lincoln, Commanding General of the United States Army, First Reading of the Emancipation Proclamation of President Lincoln, Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Presidency of Abraham Lincoln Foreign policy, the government should be divorced from economic enterprise, surveys of U.S. scholars ranking presidents, Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum, "Exploring Abraham Lincoln's 'Melancholy', "Abraham Lincoln was the only President who was also a licensed bartender", "Abraham Lincoln and Internal Improvements", "US Congressman Lincoln Abraham Lincoln Historical Society", "LINCOLN, Abraham | US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives", "Abraham Lincoln's Patent Model: Improvement for Buoying Vessels Over Shoals", "THE LAW; Lincoln as Lawyer: Transcript Tells Murder Story", "Herewith is a little sketch, as you requested", "Broadside, "President Lincoln's Farewell Address to His Old Neighbors, Springfield, February 12, 1861" The Henry Ford", "Lincoln's Farewell Address Illinois History & Lincoln Collections". When Lincoln ran for president in two years, friends and supporters looked to turn his humble background to his advantage, marching into the Republican National Convention in Chicago with a set of fence rails that they claimed Lincoln, the Railsplitter, had split in his youth. [272] Some feared incorrectly that it might represent a Confederate conspiracy to start a war on the Northwestern frontier. But just a month after being sworn in, Harrison was dead, after contracting a cold-turned-pneumonia while delivering a long inaugural speech in a cold rain. Abraham Lincoln meets with Union troops at Sharpsburg following the battle of Antietam in Maryland on October 3, 1862. Democratic opponents accused Lincoln of using the military to ensure his and the Republicans' political aspirations. [294] Thanksgiving had become a regional holiday in New England in the 17th century. The Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C., was dedicated to him on May 30, 1922. [249] At its convention, the Republicans selected Johnson as his running mate. It's hard to imagine that the 6-foot-4 Lincoln, a fine wrestler in his day, could be knocked around by his 5-foot-2 wife (though she was, evidently, much surlier). Thomas and Nancy Lincoln had three children: Sarah, Abraham, and Thomas, who died in infancy. Honest Abe | Lincoln's Writings - Dickinson College The only place to buy anything is the snack bar and gift shop -- which has an excellent collection of new and used books on the Civil War and Lincoln. 1864 photo of President Lincoln with youngest son, U.S. House of Representatives (18471849), LincolnDouglas debates and Cooper Union speech. But he also vowed not to surrender the forts. [294], In June 1864, Lincoln approved the Yosemite Grant enacted by Congress, which provided unprecedented federal protection for the area now known as Yosemite National Park. [362][363], Sociologist Barry Schwartz argues that Lincoln's American reputation grew slowly from the late 19th century until the Progressive Era (19001920s), when he emerged as one of America's most venerated heroes, even among white Southerners. [201][202], After the Union rout at Bull Run and Winfield Scott's retirement, Lincoln appointed Major General George B. McClellan general-in-chief. . Afterward he joked that he had seen no live, fighting Indians during the war but had had a good many bloody struggles with the mosquitoes. Meanwhile, aspiring to be a legislator, he was defeated in his first try and then repeatedly reelected to the state assembly. He also practiced law in Illinois during the 1830s and 40s, and in that time he became one of the states most renowned lawyers. Unauthorized use is prohibited. Lincoln did not migrate to Illinois until 1830. Monitor journalism changes lives because we open that too-small box that most people think they live in. His appearance in the popular 1940 film Knute Rockne: All American as Notre Dame football player George Gipp earned him another nickname for his deathbed plea that his team win one for the Gipper.. You can renew your subscription or In 1939, as Roosevelt was deciding to run for an unprecedented third presidential term this inscrutability was on full display, leading reporters and political cartoonists to dub him the Great Sphinx, for his refusal to answer their questions. Some of Lincoln's own surveying work helped historians find original foundations for the village structures. ", Order Leidner's Abraham Lincoln: Quotes, Quips, and Speeches Now, Order Burlingame's The Inner World of Abraham Lincoln Now, Home But the debates he had about the enslavement of people with his 1858 senatorial opponent, Stephen Douglas, helped him win the presidential nomination two years later. At the time, Great Britain was the world's low cost and leading producing country of steel. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. [citation needed] Once word reached the other bands of Chippewa, he had no way of knowing how they would react to his sending the Fond Du Lac on the warpath. [299], John Wilkes Booth was a well-known actor and a Confederate spy from Maryland; though he never joined the Confederate army, he had contacts with the Confederate secret service. People relied implicitly upon his honesty, integrity, and impartiality.". He expanded his war powers, imposed a blockade on Confederate ports, disbursed funds before appropriation by Congress, suspended habeas corpus, and arrested and imprisoned thousands of suspected Confederate sympathizers. Alternate titles: Honest Abe, The Great Emancipator, The Rail-splitter, University Distinguished Professor Emeritus of History, University of North Carolina, Greensboro. [35][e] Abraham then became increasingly distant from Thomas, in part due to his father's lack of education. He believed in his own integrity and worked diligently to maintain his reputation as an honest politician and lawyer -something that was not always easy in either of those fields. While Herbert Hoover is remembered by many for his perceived lack of government intervention in the first years of the Great Depression, he won the White House in 1928 in large part thanks to his successful handling of a series of crises more than a decade earlier. Enjoy this reimagined American folktale about young Abraham Lincoln. Watch more PragerU Kids shows HERE https://l.pr. To illustrate this theme within the Lincoln canon, we have pulled together a variety of documents mainly from Lincolns pre-presidential years that focus on his core beliefs and particular challenges to them. According to one story, whenever he realized he had shortchanged a customer by a few pennies, he would close the shop and deliver the correct change-regardless of how far he had to walk. Corrections? He had very little formal education, but . Lincoln did not note what his children were doing or had done. Lincoln commented on his thought process, "We need the strongest men of the party in the Cabinet. contact customer service The president ended his address with an appeal to the people of the South: "We are not enemies, but friends. [11] In 1816, the family moved to Indiana where the land surveys and titles were more reliable. [248], Lincoln ran for reelection in 1864, while uniting the main Republican factions, along with War Democrats Edwin M. Stanton and Andrew Johnson. Real news, real hope. "[141], On May 910, 1860, the Illinois Republican State Convention was held in Decatur. Lincoln led the Union through the American Civil War to defend the nation as a constitutional union and succeeded in abolishing slavery, bolstering the federal government, and modernizing the U.S. economy. Abraham Lincoln, (1809 - 02 - 12) February 12, 1809, Hodgenville, Kentucky, U.S. February 22, 1732 in Westmoreland County, British Colony of Virginia. Lincoln was a descendant of the Harrisons through his grandmother, Bathsheba Herring. The entrance to their box seats was poorly guarded, allowing actor John Wilkes Booth to enter. Getty Images Lincoln always opposed slavery, but it would be simplistic. Check out our 2016 Syllabus During the Great Depression, he argues, Lincoln served "as a means for seeing the world's disappointments, for making its sufferings not so much explicable as meaningful." Like Jackson, he had little formal education, and in 1808 he joined the U.S. Army as a first lieutenant. The legislation alarmed many Northerners, who sought to prevent the spread of slavery that could result, but Douglas's KansasNebraska Act narrowly passed Congress in May 1854. 6,469 in 1849. [92] In 1849, he received a patent for a flotation device for the movement of boats in shallow water. Occasionally Mary prevailed on him to take a carriage ride, concerned that he was working too hard. It was Mr. Rutledge's daughter, Ann, who became Lincoln's first close female confidante, according to Jim Patton, the working blacksmith at New Salem today. [196], Lincoln's war strategy embraced two priorities: ensuring that Washington was well-defended and conducting an aggressive war effort for a prompt, decisive victory. As a member of the Illinois legislature and later in his law practice, he took advantage of his reputation for honesty and fairness to help broaden his constituency. [348], As a Whig activist, Lincoln was a spokesman for business interests, favoring high tariffs, banks, infrastructure improvements, and railroads, in opposition to Jacksonian democrats. "[294] Lincoln made five appointments to the Supreme Court. The only U.S. president to also serve on the Supreme Court, William Howard Taft was nicknamed Big Lub while a student at Yale and by the time he became Theodore Roosevelts secretary of war in 1904, he weighed more than 300 pounds. [43] Later in life, Mary struggled with the stresses of losing her husband and sons, and Robert committed her for a time to an asylum in 1875.[57]. [236], General Ulysses Grant's victories at the Battle of Shiloh and in the Vicksburg campaign impressed Lincoln. Very quickly questions arose concerning three of the executions that have not been answered. He signed Senator Charles Sumner's Freedmen's Bureau bill that set up a temporary federal agency designed to meet the immediate needs of former slaves. Grant then assumed command of Meade's army. '', The most appealing thing I found about New Salem is its relaxed atmosphere. [190] As a result, Union enlistments from Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri increased by over 40,000. But young Lincoln ingeniously shifted the cargo, bored a hole in the bow of the craft, letting the water run out, then plugged the hole -- thus saving the trip. In Louisiana, Lincoln ordered General Nathaniel P. Banks to promote a plan that would reestablish statehood when 10 percent of the voters agreed, and only if the reconstructed states abolished slavery. Nixon easily won the election by more than 700,000 votes. Together with Congress, he established the Department of Agriculture; supported the development of a transcontinental railroad; enacted the Homestead Act, which opened up land to settlers; and crafted the 13th Amendment, which ended the enslavement of people.

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